It was an invitation out of the blues, from MINDEF no less!
“Would you be interested to visit a few old SAF camps that we are planning for
a group of history bloggers?”
To say I was delighted would be an understatement, especially when they mentioned
that it would include the Changi Murals and the old Selarang Barracks.
This event was specially organised for a small group of heritage bloggers that included my old friends, Lam Chun See
(Good Morning Yesterday) and
Peter Chan, online familiars like Jerome Lim
(The Long and Winding Road), Char
Lee
(Second Shot), Mok Ly Ing
(bukitbrown) and Andrew Him
(One NorthExplorers). It also gave me the chance to meet other bloggers whom until then we had
only known virtually online.
The visit began at the SAF Selarang Camp in Changi.
The Selarang complex was built in 1936 by the British forces and was then called
Selarang Barracks. The Singapore
Armed Forces took over the camp after 1971. The camp has been upgraded and
modernized to SAF’s new requirements but sadly most of the original pre-war
buildings had to be torn down as it was found unsafe or unsuitable for today
needs.
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The Parade Square at Selarang camp today.
Inset: The British barracks surrounding the same square during the pre-SAF days. |
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| Selarang Barracks and the old Parade Square. |
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| The Officers Mess is the only pre-war building surviving today at Selarang Camp. |
During the Japanese Occupation from 1942 to 1945, Selarang
Barracks was used as a POW internment camp to house the Allied soldiers captured in WW2. Its notoriety was cemented during this
period by an event known as the “Selarang Incident”
The Selarang Incident
On 30 Aug 1942, four escaped POWs were recaptured by the Japanese.
The Japanese camp commander, Gen Fukuei, then demanded all POWs sign a declaration that
they would not try to escape. This was in contravention of the Geneva
Convention, so all the POWs refused to sign.
In retaliation, Gen Fukuei ordered
all 15,400 POWS, mainly from the Australian Imperial Force, to be confined within the Barracks until they signed. Selarang Barracks could only house 1,200 men. Thus the majority spilled over into the Parade Square. As punishment, water
and food were strictly rationed and there were no sanitary facilities available, even in the barrack buildings.
Seeing that the Allied soldiers were
not budging by the 3rd day, Gen Fukuei had the 4 escapees publicly
executed as an example. He ordered
that all the sick soldiers be brought from the hospitals and also confined to
the Parade Square. On seeing that their men were starting to die of illnesses like
dysentery, the British commanders permitted their soldiers to sign the
declaration “under duress”. Thus ending the Selarang Incident on 5th Sep 1942.
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| Latrines dug into the parade square , |
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| Photo source: Australian War Museum |
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| The Selarang Barracks Parade Square today in silent testimony to the events in 1942. |
After the war, Gen Fukuei was tried at a war crimes tribunal and was sentenced to death by
firing squad, specifically on the charge of ordering the 4 escapees executed. Ironically, he was executed on the very same spot where the four Allied soldiers were
executed at Changi Beach.
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| The execution of Lt-Gen Fukuei at Changi Beach. |
For security reasons, we were not allowed to photograph any of the existing SAF facilities.
However, I have compiled some photographs taken at Selarang Barracks where we were allowed to.
The photographs are in
my album here.
The Changi Murals
For me, the highlight of the morning's tour was to the Changi Murals.
The Changi Murals are a set of five painting done by an English POW, Bombardier Stanley Warren.
Bdr Warren was ill with severe dysentery and was warded at the military hospital at Roberts Barracks. Roberts Barracks was another camp within the Changi military area housing captured POWs.
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| Roberts Barracks at Changi. |
When the hospital superintendent discovered Warren's artistic talent, he requested that the walls of the St Luke's Chapel in the Dysentery Ward be painted by Bdr Warren. Stanley
Warren, despite being close to death at one stage, undertook the arduous task of painting the murals, despite lacking supplies like paints and brushes, which he managed to scrounge around to complete his task.
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| The Nativity was the first mural painted by Stanley Warren and was completed in time for Christmas 1942. |
Five murals were completed by the time the war ended and Stanley Warren was released and returned to England. The murals were soon forgotten when the barracks were used for other military purposes. The murals were painted over with whitewash over time and one wall was even taken down to create a passageway destroying part of the hidden mural unknowingly.
Only in 1958, the significance of the murals were 're-discovered' and efforts were made to find the artist. Stanley Warren was located in London but was hesitant to return to Singapore to do a restoration due to the trauma he underwent during the war.
It was not until 1963 that he finally found courage to return to do a restoration of the five murals. He returned a further two times in 1968 and 1988 to finalise the restorations, of which only four could be completed. The final mural, which was partially damaged by the creation of a passageway, could not be done as hZtanley Warren didn't have a sketch of the original painting he titled "St Luke the physician in prison". When finally a sketch was discovered, Warren was too frail to return again to Singapore and so he did a small oil paint facsimile of the work.
The original murals as discovered in 1958 before restoration.
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| The murals as discovered under the distemper in 1958 before restoration. |
Today the restored murals are still housed in the original Chapel of St Luke in the old Roberts Barrack. The building, known as Block 151, the last remnant of Roberts Barracks, was kept intact due to the historical significance of these murals.
However, access to it is strictly controlled and even then, viewing is normally permitted only through a partitioned glass panel. This is to avoid contamination and degradation of the murals.
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| The murals restored by Stanley Warren in 1963, 1982 & 1988. |
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| The oil painting of "St Luke the Physician in prison" done by Stanley Warren after a sketch was re-discovered. |
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| Blk 151 Roberts Barracks, Changi |
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| Chapel of St Luke at Roberts Barracks. |
I was extremely lucky to have been able to enter the Chapel itself on this visit.
For a full photo display of the visit, please see my photo blog of the
murals here.
Due to numerous requests to visit the murals, a replica of the Changi Murals was created at the new Changi Prison Museum and Chapel located at Changi Road North just Selarang Barracks. The Changi Museum is open to public at no charge.
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| The Changi Prison Museum and Chapel contains a replica of the Changi Murals. |
Old Changi Camp
